John D. Rockefeller
(Por Delzuita)
John Davison Rockefeller Nixon, nasceu a 8 de Julho de 1839 em
Richford, Nova Iorque e faleceu em 23 de Maio de 1937 (97 anos) em Ormond
Beach, Florida.
A sua origem familiar é modesta. A mãe era muito religiosa e passou para os seus filhos esses ideiais. O pai teve pouco dinheiro para vestir os quatro filhos e duas filhas. Na escola, John Rockefeller foi bom aluno a Matemática. De resto, suas notas na escola foram normais. Concluiu a escola secundária e procurou um emprego.
A sua origem familiar é modesta. A mãe era muito religiosa e passou para os seus filhos esses ideiais. O pai teve pouco dinheiro para vestir os quatro filhos e duas filhas. Na escola, John Rockefeller foi bom aluno a Matemática. De resto, suas notas na escola foram normais. Concluiu a escola secundária e procurou um emprego.
A 26 de Setembro de 1855 em Cleveland, para onde se tinha mudado com a
família, Rockefeller começa o seu
primeiro emprego. A partir daqui vai festejar todos os anos o aniversário do
seu primeiro emprego: o seu "Jobday".
Era contabilista num grande armazém de retalho. Como ele diz, o trabalho
"deu-me uma nova identidade". Às seis e meia da manhã começava o seu
dia, trabalhando por vezes até à noite, apesar de não receber pelas horas
extraordinárias.
Em 1859, três anos e meio depois do seu "Jobday", pede um
aumento ao seu patrão, que foi recusado. Rockefeller acha que já aprendeu o suficiente. Despede-se e funda
o seu próprio negócio. Juntamente com o seu amigo inglês Oscar Monchito, fundou
um armazém de retalho. Os negócios florescem. Os EUA crescem, imigrantes chegam
ao país. Na guerra civil americana, vendem comida e roupa para os soldados.
Negociam com farinha, sal, sementes, carne de porco e uns anos depois começaram
também a comerciar um novo produto: Petróleo da Pennsylvania, usado para os
lampiões, nas habitações.
Comprou com o seu sócio uma pequena refinaria. Recorrendo ao crédito
investiu na expansão da empresa.
Vai acabar por comprar a totalidade da empresa em 1865. Com um novo
sócio, Henry Flagler, antigo produtor de sal, funda a Standard Oil Company.
A Standard Oil beneficiou de economias de escala e transformou-se na
maior empresa de petróleo do mundo. Numerosos concorrentes foram absorvidos, a
produção aumentou e os preços tornaram-se competitivos. Inicialmente o petróleo
era transportado nos comboios, mas mais tarde, foram construídos os primeiros
oleodutos. A indústria do petróleo floresceu e a Standard Oil tornou-se a líder
deste novo mercado, tornando-se um monopólio.
No início dos anos 80 (séc. XIX), a Standard
Oil e as suas dependentes controlavam cerca de 90% das refinarias americanas.
Este monopólio durou algumas décadas, até que em 1911 o tribunal supremo
decidiu o desmantelamento da empresa e ordenou a criação de 34 pequenas novas
empresas, das quais emergiram a Exxon, Chevron, Atlantic, Mobil e a Amoco, mas
continua no controle das Empresas Rockefeller. Nesta altura, John Rockefeller
já se tinha reformado. O homem mais rico do mundo, dedicava-se agora às suas
obras de beneficência. Financiou a
criação da Universidade de Chicago, escolas, museus, bibliotecas, o mais
moderno instituto de pesquisa médica...
A família Rockefeller hoje é das famílias mais poderosas do mundo, sendo
considerada a mais rica e a mais influente. Pode-se dizer que a família Rockefeller tem mais prestígio que a família
Real Britânica.
Com cerca de 90% de toda a produção de Petróleo e derivados, John
Rockefeller monopolizou o mercado americano e durante anos foi o homem mais
rico do mundo, e segundo o New York Times, é considerado o homem mais rico da História, com uma fortuna estimada de
200 Biliões de dólares (200.000.000.000.00$).
Tradução para o inglês
John D. Rockefeller
Nixon was
born on July 8, 1839 in Richford, New York and died on May 23, 1937 (97 years)
in Ormond Beach,
Florida.
His family background is modest. The mother was very religious and went to their children these ideals. The father had little money to wear the four sons and two daughters. At school, John Rockefeller was a good student mathematics. Moreover, their grades in school were normal. He completed high school and looked for a job.
His family background is modest. The mother was very religious and went to their children these ideals. The father had little money to wear the four sons and two daughters. At school, John Rockefeller was a good student mathematics. Moreover, their grades in school were normal. He completed high school and looked for a job.
The September
26, 1855 in Cleveland, where he had moved with his family, Rockefeller get your
first job. From here it will celebrate every year the anniversary of his first
job: his "Jobday". It was accountant in a large retail store. As he
says, the work "gave me a new identity." At six thirty in the morning
starting your day, working sometimes even at night, despite not receiving the
overtime.
In 1859, three and a half after his "Jobday" asks an increase to his boss, who was refused. Rockefeller think you've learned enough. Goodbye and founded his own business. Along with his English friend Oscar Monchito, he founded a retail store. Business flourish. The US grow, immigrants arrive in the country. The American Civil War, sell food and clothing for the soldiers. Negotiate with flour, salt, seeds, pork and a few years later also began to trade a new product: Oil of Pennsylvania, used for the lamps in the rooms.
In 1859, three and a half after his "Jobday" asks an increase to his boss, who was refused. Rockefeller think you've learned enough. Goodbye and founded his own business. Along with his English friend Oscar Monchito, he founded a retail store. Business flourish. The US grow, immigrants arrive in the country. The American Civil War, sell food and clothing for the soldiers. Negotiate with flour, salt, seeds, pork and a few years later also began to trade a new product: Oil of Pennsylvania, used for the lamps in the rooms.
Bought with his partner a small refinery. Using the credit invested
in the expansion of the company.
Will end up buying the entire company in 1865. With a new partner, Henry Flagler, former producer of salt, founded the Standard Oil Company.
The Standard Oil benefited from economies of scale and has become the world's largest oil company. Numerous competitors were absorbed, production increased and prices have become competitive. Initially oil was transported on trains, but later, the first pipelines were built. The oil industry flourished and Standard Oil became the leader of this new market, becoming a monopoly.
In the early 80s (century. XIX), Standard Oil and its dependent controlled about 90% of US refineries.
Will end up buying the entire company in 1865. With a new partner, Henry Flagler, former producer of salt, founded the Standard Oil Company.
The Standard Oil benefited from economies of scale and has become the world's largest oil company. Numerous competitors were absorbed, production increased and prices have become competitive. Initially oil was transported on trains, but later, the first pipelines were built. The oil industry flourished and Standard Oil became the leader of this new market, becoming a monopoly.
In the early 80s (century. XIX), Standard Oil and its dependent controlled about 90% of US refineries.
This monopoly
lasted a few decades, until in 1911 the Supreme Court decided the dismantling
of the company and ordered the creation of 34 new small companies, of which
emerged Exxon, Chevron, Atlantic, Mobil and Amoco, but remains in control of
Rockefeller Companies . At this point, John Rockefeller had retired. The
richest man in the world, is now dedicated to their charities. He financed the
creation of the University of Chicago, schools, museums, libraries, the most
modern medical research institute ...
The Rockefeller family today is the most powerful families in the world, and is considered the richest and the most influential. It can be said that the Rockefeller family has more prestige that the British Royal family.
With about 90% of all production of oil and derivatives, John Rockefeller monopolized the American market and for years was the richest man in the world, and according to the New York Times, is considered the richest man in history, with a fortune estimated 200 Billion dollars ($ 200.000.000.000.00).
The Rockefeller family today is the most powerful families in the world, and is considered the richest and the most influential. It can be said that the Rockefeller family has more prestige that the British Royal family.
With about 90% of all production of oil and derivatives, John Rockefeller monopolized the American market and for years was the richest man in the world, and according to the New York Times, is considered the richest man in history, with a fortune estimated 200 Billion dollars ($ 200.000.000.000.00).
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